Abstract: This paper described the evolution of lithosphere of Okinawa Trough since the Cenozoic, presented that the Okinawa Trough is one of the building unit of Euro-Asian continent, a subducting arc-rear basin. The Ryukyu island arc was not the volcanic island arc, but apart from the Euro-Asian continent, the Tugela volcanic belt is the volcanic arc and the Diaoyu island folded belt is the remnant volcanic arc. The north part of the Okinawa Trough was early formed, negatively pull-apart, and the south part of the Okinawa Trough forming later was positively pull-apart, the oceanic crust was not formed in Okinawa Trough.