Abstract: Aiming at the challenge of detecting leakages in operating oil and gas pipelines, this study innovatively employs high-sensitivity optoelectronic acoustic-vibration detection technology. Through multi-scenario field tests and systematic validation under complex operating conditions, a real-time monitoring system suitable for buried oil and gas pipelines has been successfully developed. The system demonstrates exceptional performance in accurately capturing micro-aperture leakage signals and precisely locating leakage points. The research outcomes have not only fully achieved the objectives, effectively validating the effectiveness and engineering applicability of optoelectronic acoustic-vibration detection technology in pipeline leakage monitoring, but also provided critical technical support and practical guidance for the large-scale engineering application of this technology in oil and gas pipeline safety monitoring.