Abstract: Since the beginning of the 1940s, offshore oil and gas has been developing for more than 70 years. This has occurred against the backdrop of a continuous rise in global energy demand and the gradual depletion of onshore oil exploration and development. As a result, the proportion of offshore oil and gas in the oil and gas industry has gradually expanded, and the impact on the industry has gradually deepened. This has become an important factor affecting the distribution pattern of oil and gas. It is likely to become an important source of oil and gas in the future, replacing onshore oil and gas in future development. This paper comprehensively analyzes the origin, development and current situation of offshore oil and gas both globally and in China. It identifies the advantages and disadvantages of China's offshore oil and gas development, as well as the challenges and opportunities in key areas. It also outlines the general trend of the future offshore oil and gas development in the world and China. Finally, it provides key development suggestions, which may serve as a reference for the research and development of China's offshore oil and gas industry.