Hydrothermal Fluids Flow Types in Sedimentary Basins and Its Significance of Petroleum Geology

Hydrothermal fluids are the carrier of substance and energy; its flow could adjust or reallocate the substance and energy of the sedimentary basin. According to the major controlling factor, passage of fluid migration, it divides hydrothermal fluids flow into three types: (1) lateral convection type; (2) vertical convection type and (3) lateral and vertical compound type. Hydrothermal fluids flow have significance to petroleum geology: (1)changed the fields of temperature and pressure; (2) significantly enhanced organic-matter maturation and petroleum generation, leading strata that would be immature in conductivity setting to go beneath the threshold depth for petroleum generation, enlarging the interval and volume of effective source rocks; (3) affected the evolution of diagenesis and porosity, and shaped many second porosity that meliorate the reservoir; (4) diapir formed not only a many of faults and microfractures which were the passage of petroleum migration, but anticline structures which maybe traps of petroleum; it could also destroy the oil/gas pool if its energy was powerful.