Application of Forward Modeling to Seismic Interpretation

During seismic interpretation, great subjective uncertainty exists in seismic calibration, time window selecting during extract of seismic attributes and fault interpretation. In order to solve these problems, forward modeling has been finished through simulation of the apparent dominant frequency and bandwidth with the practical seismic data by the Ricker wave. The study results indicate that in thick-mud/thick-sand combination, the top of sand layer is correlated to the wave peak. If more information about the sand is needed, it is necessary to extract the seismic attributes under wave peak by the time window. To the sand layers with thickness of 5 m and 10 m between the large set of mudstones, it is necessary to extract the seismic attributes under wave peak by the time window. To the sand layers with thickness of 15 m, 20 m and 25 m between the large set of mud, it is necessary to open the time window symmetrically along the wave peaks. In the thick-sand/thick-mud combination, the top of mud layer is correlated to the wave trough, which can be used as the second markers for calibration. Under big fault, there are some phase rising near the faults and phase pulling down at the places far from the faults, which leaded to the false appearance during fault interpretation. The lateral fccies change of coal seam (low velocity) or suddenly fccies change might result in the false in fault interpretation. Good application results have been obtained in the practice study area with these conclusions.