Abstract: At present, international energy is in short supply, and the energy security has increasingly become the focus of all countries. Carbonate exploration and development has attracted the world's attention. In consideration of economic and political interests, major countries increase the investment in carbonate oil and gas exploration and development. Proven reserves of the world's carbonate oil and gas is 143.45 billion tons oil equivalent, and proven recoverable oil and gas is 75.01 billion tons oil equivalent and 68.44 billion tons oil equivalent respectively. There are 313 oil and gas fields, including 208 oil fields and 105 gas fields. In China, proven carbonate oil reserves is 1.52 billion ton oil equivalent and proven carbonate gas reserves is 1.36 trillion cubic meters. Exploration methods of carbonate oil and gas include geologic method, physical geography, geochemistry exploration and drilling method. Mature exploitation technology includes multiple hole well, oriented perforating and fracture acidizing techniques. The research on the world's carbonate oil and gas exploration and development will help enhance the usage of carbonate oil and gas resources and guide the world's carbonate resources exploration and sustainable development.